Air pollution can increase the risk of having a respiratory infection. Air pollution in china kristin aunan, mette halskov hansen and shuxiao wang abstract this introduction provides an overview and analysis of key scientific data regarding air pollution in china. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as. Environmental pollution can be defined as a change that is not wished or desired in the chemical, physical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment air, water, and soil which can cause harmful effects on various or many forms of life. In the late 18 th century, the industrial revolution, beginning in the uk, led to escalation in pollutant emissions based around the use of. Air pollution is the presence of harmful foreign substances pollutants in the atmosphere, emitted by both natural and anthropogenic human activity sources air pollution is the contamination or presence of unwanted substances in the air making it harmful and detrimental for human and animal health. To help address these issues the national research council nrc of the u. As a result, atmospheric and water pollution levels were improved significantly in a relatively short period of time. Air pollution is a problem that greatly affects those living in large, urban centers and the third world. Air pollution is a threat to human and environment. The issue we would like to discuss here is about environmental pollution,to make it simpler and precise,we sometimes refer it to the word pollution in the later parts of our assignment. By the end of this chapter the reader will be able to. Introduction to air pollution and its control springerlink. Air plays a vital role not only in nature but also in the lives of human beings and all living organisms.
The air is certainly a lot cleaner today than in the days of the smogs of the 1950s, when factory chimneys belched out smoke and nearly everyone had a coal fire. Phalen, phd, cih assistant professor, health science and human ecology college of natural sciences. The adverse effects of trafficrelated air pollution on childrens respiratory health have been widely reported, but few studies have evaluated the impact of trafficcontrol policies designed to reduce urban air pollution. Air pollution is a major problem that has been recognised throughout the world for hundreds of years. Benefits associated with air pollutant producing activities v. The european commission estimates that healthrelated costs of air pollution in the eu range from.
Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the socalled greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic cooling of the earth during the night increasing the amount of co 2 in the atmosphere. Natural pollution volcanic eruptions, forest fires, biological decay. Pdf on may 23, 2018, ashok kumar and others published introduction to air pollution find, read and cite all the research you need on. These laws are intended to prevent air from being polluted. Air pollution may be described as contamination of the atmosphere by. It informs the public of the local level of ambient air pollution, and the potential health risk it would impose, particularly on vulnerable groups such. Reduce your risk by using the air quality index aqi to plan outdoor activities. It constitutes a reference for understanding how policymakers, media and population in china make sense of and deal. This paper provides the insight view about the affects of environment pollution in the perspective of air pollution, water and land soil waste pollution on human by diseases and problems, animals and trees plants. These are also called respirable particles because they can enter the deep lung.
In children, air pollution is linked to asthma and bronchitis, increases in school absences and er visits. Plan strenuous outside activities when air quality is better. Introduction to air pollution air pollution prevention. Natural sources naturally occurring particulate matter pm includes dust from the earths surface crustal material, sea salt in coastal areas and biological material, in the form of pollen, spores or plant and animal debris 1. What are the causes of air pollution pollutant description and main uk sources potential effects on healthenvironment particulate matter pmpm 10 and pm 2. Pdf the atmospheric pollution and human health in a chinese megacity aphhbeijing programme is an international collaborative project focusing on. In addition to air pollution, this industry also causes impairment to the health of the workers, and is classified as a unit carrying on hazardous process. Air pollution, release into the atmosphere of various gases, finely divided solids, or finely dispersed liquid aerosols at rates that exceed the natural capacity of the environment to dissipate and dilute or absorb them.
Those affected by poor air quality can develop serious breathing and health problems such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and even emphysema. The troposphere is the layer that contains most of our air pollutants ii stratosphere is the layer between the troposphere and approximately 50km. A source of air pollution is any activity that causes pollutants to be emitted into the air. Air pollution reduces the economic value of crops and leads to expensive cleaning of cultural heritage. Particle pollution levels can be high any time of year. Pollution discharged into the atmosphere from a range of stationary and mobile sources. Of course,there are still various other types of pollution such as. It constitutes a reference for understanding how policymakers, media and population in. It is using materials and energy more efficiently, and conserving natural resources, including water.
Impacts of air pollution on human health, ecosystems and. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Children living near diesel trucking routes are more likely to have decreased lung function, bronchitis and allergies. Air pollution ppt and pdf for free download study mafia. Heart disease, stroke, and outdoor air pollution, epa456f. The engineers joint council on air pollution and its control defines air pollution as the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or. In the middle ages, the burning of coal in cities released increasing amounts of smoke and sulphur dioxide to the atmosphere. Air pollution and climate change european commission. Due to lack of development of a culture of pollution control, there has resulted a heavy backlog of gaseous, liquid and solid pollution in environment.
A comprehensive perspective find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Living organisms can survive without water for some time but cannot survive without air because when we breathe then we intake oxygen from air and releases carbon dioxide, if this procedure does not take. National academies was asked to convene an ad hoc study committee to assess and summarize current understanding of the longrange transport of four key classes of pollutants. Near busy roads, in urban areas especially during rush hour, and in industrial areas. The presence of one or more contaminants like dust, smoke, mist and odor in the atmosphere which are injurious to human beings, plants and animals. Environmental protection agency, research triangle park, nc 27711.
Air pollution worldwide is a growing threat to human health and the natural environment. Pollution 6 there are other causes of air pollution, but humans and ecosystems are greatly affected by means of transportation and manufacturing plants. Air pollution refers to the condition in which the existence of toxic substances in the atmosphere, generated by various human activities and natural phenomena. Air pollution is a gas or a liquid or solid dispersed through ordinary air released in a big enough quantity to harm the health of people or other animals, kill plants or stop them growing properly, damage or disrupt some other aspect of the environment such as making buildings crumble, or cause some other kind of nuisance reduced. We assessed associations between trafficrelated air pollutants and respiratoryallergic symptoms amongst 89 yearold schoolchildren living within the london low. Air pollution a simple introduction to its causes and. Humangenerated sources of air pollution are categorized in two ways. Air quality measurements air monitoring measures pollution by taking samples of air and testing the sample to find out how much of a pollutant is present. Definitions and classifications used in the study of air pollution are introduced. Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful gases into earths atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment. Children, the elderly and persons with asthma are impacted the most by air pollution.
Each chapter is presented in simple language and is provided with learning objectives, body introduction, exercises, and suggested reading as appropriate. Effects of air pollution and the introduction of the. Pollution is of different kinds depending on the nature of pollutants and pollutions. Environment pollution is a widereaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human populations is great. Air pollution is another major problem that is yet to be solved. It constitutes a reference for understanding how policymakers, media and population in china make sense of and deal with air pollution, as discussed in the other articles of the section. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution. But if you are concerned about air pollution, there is a free and easy to use service that allows you to. The air pollution control act in india was passed in 1981 and the motor vehicle act for controlling the air pollution, very recently. Pdf on aug 1, 2012, budi haryanto and others published air pollution. Children at risk children are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution for several reasons related to their physical development and behavior. Definitions and classifications used in the study of air pollution are.
Report to congress on indoor air quality, volume ii. This is a very motivating piece of work for any undergraduate student who has an interest in air pollution research. Anthropogenic air pollution commenced with humans systematic use of fire. The greatest industrial disaster leading to serious air pollution took place in bhopal where extremely poisonous methyl isocyanide gas was. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. The combustion of fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas is the principal source of air pollution in all urban areas, along with the burning. Not surprisingly, it is one of the greatest threats to public health and the preservation of wildlife worldwide. Air pollution may be described as contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid, or solid wastes or byproducts that can endanger human health and welfare of plants and animals, attack materials, reduce visibility to read about how haze caused by. Introduction to air pollution air pollution refers to the condition in which the existence of toxic substances in the atmosphere, generated by various human activities and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, results in damaging effects on the welfare of human beings and the living environment omasa 2002. Many scientists believe that by reducing emissions from factories and vehicles, air quality can be. Unit conversions for volatile pollutants is explained as well. When looking at research completed about the environmental and social implications of air pollution, one can find numerous aspects such as the effects on ozone, human health, and ecosystems. Dynamics and trends of air pollution air pollution is considered an emerging risk, and its dynamics depend on a broad range of factors. When there is smoke in the air from wood stoves, fireplaces, burning vegetation, or forest fires.
For environmental health science students air pollution mengesha admassu, mamo wubeshet. Air pollutants are relatively shortlived, particularly compared with longlived greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide co 2, and measures to control air pollutants could have an effect on climate change in the shortterm. Essays on pollution examples of causes and effects. Noxious health effects caused by air pollution can be classified as due to either chronic or acute exposure. A study of the air pollution index reporting system. Also introduced are a brief history of air pollution. Air pollution and its effects on health case studies, india. Environmental protection agency, office of air and radiation. Environmental protection agency sets and enforces air quality standards only for ambient air. High concentrations can cause undesirable health, economic, or aesthetic effects. I air pollution caused by industries jiming hao and guowen li typically decreases at the rate of 6. Another alternative to prevent air pollution is the development of environmental.
P oull tion prevention p2 means working at the source of pollutants to prevent them from being generated or to reduce the amount generated. A comprehensive treatment ofeach ofthese three areas is beyond the scope of a single book, however. The two most significant types of pollution would be air and water pollution. A public health perspective conveys the most comprehensive, recent and sound knowledge to undergraduate students.
Phalen, phd professor, department of medicine center for occupational and environmental health university of california, irvine irvine, california robert n. Air pollution in india impact, policy analysis and remedial measures by governments today, air pollution has emerged as a global public health problem and is identified as a major environmental health hazard by agencies such as the world health organization who and governments around the world. Pdf introduction to the special issue indepth study of air pollution. Pollution control is a recent environmental concern. This sixth edition of the epa air pollution control cost manual was prepared by the air quality strategies and standards division of the office of air quality planning and standards, u. This book is thus also concerned with air pollution episodes that derive from natural sources of air pollution, such as those that are produced by volcanoes baxter et al. Air pollution contributes to climate change, hence air pollution. Ecological civilization is, we argue, a top down imaginary of chinas future. This introduction provides an overview and analysis of key scientific data regarding air pollution in china. These include smokestacks, vents and surface areas of commercial or industrial facilities.
Assessment and control of indoor air pollution, pp. Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and. Air pollution is the presence of one or more disadvantageous content in such quantity and for such duration, as it is catastrophic, or tend to be catastrophic, to human health and welfare, animal or plant life. This course is an attempt to answer such questions. Sources of air pollution sources of air pollution 1 include natural sources 2 and humanmade sources 3. Discusses various features of air pollution and the current generation of atmospheric dispersion codes. Jacobson received 12th june 2008, accepted 31st october 2008 first published as an advance article on the web 1st december 2008 doi. Introduction to air pollution science a public health perspective robert f. Pollution is spreading like wildfire in many regions of the world.
For environmental health science students air pollution mengesha admassu, mamo wubeshet university of gondar in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education august 2006. Pollution research workers including chemists, toxicologists, environmentalists, conservationists, botanists, marine scientists, ecologists, biologists. Introduction the indiana department of environmental management idem conducted a. These sources can be further differentiated into either mobile or stationary sources 2. The studys lead author comments on the findings, saying, air pollution is a largely avoidable health risk that affects everyone. This article places the study of rural environmental activism in the wider context of the chinese governments promotion of ecological civilization shengtai wenming. Air pollution is defined as the emission of particulate toxic elements into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic sources 1. Agencies involved in air pollution assessment and control vi. A who global comparative analysis of air pollution17 concluded that ambient air pollution increased by 8% between 2008 and 20. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. It is the contaminants of air by the discharge of detrimental substances.
Pollution is a manmade problem, mainly of effluent countries. Introduction to air pollution colorado state university. Clean air, healthy children teachers guide and activities. An introduction to air pollution definitions, classifications, and. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substancesenergies or naturally occurring contaminants. But if you are concerned about air pollution, there is a free and easy to use service that allows you to check levels in your area. The present book is devoted to an indepthanalysis ofthe gen eration and control of air pollutants at their source, which we refer to as air pollution engineering. Reducing air pollution national emission ceilings for air pollutants summary despite significant progress in recent decades, air pollution levels in the european union still have adverse impacts on the environment and on health. Bioprocesses have traditionally been included in the latter category, whenever the pollutants are biodegraded into end. Mobile sources of air pollution include most forms of transportation such as automobiles, trucks, and airplanes. Air pollution reduces plant biodiversity and affects other ecosystem services, such as clean water, recreational activities and carbon storage. Nonrenewable and renewable resources and global energy consumption duration. Although we rely on this as an essential source for. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment which causes harmful effects on life in that natural surrounding environment.
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